South India’s first IVF baby in Kerala government hospital

State-owned S.A.T. Hospital here created a record of sorts when it became the first government sector hospital in south India to have test tube babies.

S.A.T. Hospital is the women’s and children’s wing of the Thiruvananthapuram Medical College Hospital.

Head of the fertility clinic Sheela Balakrishnan told reporters the couple who underwent IVF treatment became proud parents of twins, a boy and a girl, at 5.30 a.m. Friday.

“We thus became the fifth government hospital in the country and the first one in south India to be successful. We are expecting another test tube baby next week and then there are five more in various stages,” said Balakrishnan.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process by which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body.

IVF is a major treatment for infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed.

The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman’s ovulatory process, removing ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the woman’s ovaries and letting sperm fertilize them in a fluid medium in a laboratory.

The fertilized egg (zygote) cultured for two-six days in a growth medium and is then transferred to the patient’s uterus with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy.

Balakrishnan went on to add that since this form of medical procedure is an expensive one, “we operate on a no-profit no-loss basis and the entire cost for couples comes to around Rs.1 lakh”.

In the private sector, the total expense for IVF treatment can touch up to Rs.10 lakh.

The IVF third stage clinic has been in operation for nearly two years.

Source: the Indian Express


Children’s cardiovascular fitness declining worldwide

Many kids don’t run as far or fast as their parents did, according to research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2013.

The decline in running fitness may indicate worse health in adulthood, the researchers said.

“If a young person is generally unfit now, then they are more likely to develop conditions like heart disease later in life,” said Grant Tomkinson, Ph.D., lead author of the study and senior lecturer in the University of South Australia’s School of Health Sciences.

“Young people can be fit in different ways. They can be strong like a weightlifter, or flexible like a gymnast, or skillful like a tennis player. But not all of these types of fitness relate well to health. The most important type of fitness for good health is cardiovascular fitness, which is the ability to exercise vigorously for a long time, like running multiple laps around an oval track.”

Researchers analyzed 50 studies on running fitness between 1964 and 2010 that involved more than 25 million kids, ages 9 to 17, in 28 countries. They gauged cardiovascular endurance by how far kids could run in a set time or how long it took to run a set distance. Tests typically lasted five to 15 minutes or covered a half-mile to two miles.

Cardiovascular endurance declined significantly within the 46 years, the researchers found. Average changes were similar between boys and girls, younger and older kids, and across different regions, although they varied country to country.

The study is the first to show that kids’ cardiovascular fitness has declined around the globe since about 1975:

In the United States, kids’ cardiovascular endurance fell an average 6 percent per decade between 1970 and 2000.

Across nations, endurance has declined consistently by about 5 percent every decade.

Kids today are roughly 15 percent less fit from a cardiovascular standpoint than their parents were as youngsters.

In a mile run, kids today are about a minute and a half slower than their peers 30 years ago.

Declines in cardiovascular endurance performance are probably caused by social, behavioral, physical, psychosocial and physiological factors, Tomkinson said.

Country-by-country fitness findings are mirrored in measurements of overweight/obesity and body fat, suggesting one factor may cause the other. “In fact, about 30 percent to 60 percent of the declines in endurance running performance can be explained by increases in fat mass,” Tomkinson said.

Kids should engage in at least 60 minutes of daily activities that use the body’s big muscles, such as running, swimming or cycling, he said.

“We need to help to inspire children and youth to develop fitness habits that will keep them healthy now and into the future,” Tomkinson said. “They need to choose a range of physical activities they like or think they might like to try, and they need to get moving.”

Source: American Heart Association

 


More walking tied to lower stroke risk among men

Older men who spend several hours walking each day are less likely to have a stroke than their peers who rarely walk, a new study suggests. And walking pace didn’t seem to matter.

Researchers said few studies have looked specifically at how both walking speed and walking time or distance is linked to stroke risk.

“Stroke is a major cause of death and disability and it is important to find ways to prevent it, especially in older people who are at high stroke risk,” Barbara J. Jefferis told Reuters Health in an email. She led the research at University College London in the UK.

“Our study suggests that maintaining an active lifestyle, specifically by spending more time on all forms of walking, could be an important part of stroke prevention strategies in older people,” Jefferis said.

She and her coauthors analyzed data from men enrolled in a long-term British heart study.

The men entered the study in 1978 to 1980. In 1998 to 2000, when they were in their 60s and 70s, they filled out surveys about how often they were physically active.

The new analysis includes 2,995 men who had not had a stroke or heart disease at the time of that survey. Researchers followed them for another 11 years.

More than half of the men walked an hour or less each day. About one in six reported walking more than two hours per day.

During the follow-up period, 195 of the men had a stroke. The researchers found that the more time men spent walking, the lower their risk of stroke.

Men who walked four to seven hours each week were 11 percent less likely to have a stroke than men who walked for three hours per week or less. But that difference could have been due to chance, Jefferis and her colleagues reported in the journal Stroke.

A stronger finding was that men who walked the most – for more than three hours each day – had a two-thirds lower risk of stroke than those who spent the least time walking.

Walking pace was also tied to stroke risk, such that average-pace or brisk walkers had a 38 percent lower risk of stroke than slow walkers. But distance walked explained that finding: men who walked at an average or brisk pace also walked further than their slower peers, according to the study.

The findings don’t prove walking prevents strokes. But they could not be explained by factors known to increase a person’s risk of stroke, like age, blood pressure and cholesterol. More recently identified markers of stroke, such as proteins associated with inflammation; blood clotting or heart muscle damage also weren’t behind the link.

“What we found was that all of these factors explained only a small amount of the relationship between time spent walking and onset of stroke,” Jefferis said. “This suggests that there may be other factors operating which explain why walking protects against stroke.”

Her team’s study was funded by the National Institute for Health Research and the British Heart Foundation.

Although it only included men, Jefferis said other research has suggested walking is good for women, too.

For instance, a team of Spanish researchers reported late last year that women who walked briskly for at least three and a half hours per week had a lower risk of stroke than inactive women

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), close to 800,000 people in the U.S. have a stroke every year, and strokes are the most common cause of serious long-term disability.

“Getting into the habit of walking every day for at least an hour could protect against stroke,” Jefferis said. That can include walking that is done while running errands, walking for leisure in a park or just walking around indoors.

Both the World Health Organization and CDC recommend adults get at least two and a half hours of moderate exercise each week.

Source: Reuters

 


Four tips to stay warm this winter

The chill of winters has set in and staying warm has become a priority. We have some pointers here to beat the cold and enjoy this season:

Dress smart

Wear multiple layers of light and warm clothes as it will keep your body heat insulated. Choose clothes made of wool, cotton or fleeced synthetic fibres.

Keep your extremities covered as they are the first parts of your body to lose circulation in cold temperatures. Wear a scarf, mitten and woollen cap when you are heading out.

Eat right

Eat at regular intervals as the burning of food will keep your body warm. Include lots of food items which are rich in protein.

Take hot drinks often to maintain your body temperature.

Move your body

Physical activity helps generate heat and fight cold. Engage in your daily exercise and chores to stimulate blood circulation and also prevent joints and muscles from stiffening.

Use hot water bottle

Stay warm with a hot water bottle. You will find hot water bottles in any department store or you can make one yourself by filling a glass bottle with hot water and wrapping it with a towel.

Source: inagist

 


Too much exposure to TV can stall preschoolers’ cognitive development

A new study has suggested that preschoolers who have a TV in their bedroom and are exposed to more background TV have a weaker understanding of other people’s beliefs and desires.

Amy Nathanson, Molly Sharp, Fashina Alade, Eric Rasmussen, and Katheryn Christy, all of The Ohio State University, interviewed and tested 107 children and their parents to determine the relationship between preschoolers’ television exposure and their understanding of mental states, such as beliefs, intentions, and feelings, known as theory of mind.

Parents were asked to report how many hours of TV their children were exposed to, including background TV. The children were then given tasks based on theory of mind. These tasks assessed whether the children could acknowledge that others can have different beliefs and desires, that beliefs can be wrong, and that behaviours stem from beliefs.

The researchers found that having a bedroom TV and being exposed to more background TV was related to a weaker understanding of mental states, even after accounting for differences in performance based on age and the socioeconomic status of the parent.

However, preschoolers whose parents talked with them about TV performed better on theory of mind assessments.

“When children achieve a theory of mind, they have reached a very important milestone in their social and cognitive development. Children with more developed theories of mind are better able to participate in social relationships. These children can engage in more sensitive, cooperative interactions with other children and are less likely to resort to aggression as a means of achieving goals,” lead researcher Nathanson said.

The study is published in the Journal of Communication.

Source: Deccan Chronicle


New technique to treat parasitic cystic tumour of kidney

Dr Santosh Kumar, assistant professor, department of urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, has developed an innovative surgical technique to treat parasitic cystic tumour of kidney, a rare disease that can lead to destruction of kidney.

In this Santosh PGI Technique, Dr Kumar operated a 22-year-old woman by single 2 cm incision through umbilicus, the natural scar given by god, using conventional port and instrument.

The innovative surgical technique is described in a paper published in the Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery, a journal of the Japan Society of Endoscopic Surgeons.

According to Dr Kumar, the new minimal invasive technique helped the patient recover fast and without scar. Her kidney was saved. “We believe it is the first case of this kind in this large hydatid parasitic tumour in which this technique was used,” he said.

Parasitic cystic tumour is common in canine, dogs, sheep etc. Humans get infected by eggs and embryo in contaminated vegetable and meat. The patient may not have any symptoms, can present with palpable tumour in abdomen, allergic reaction and obstruction of kidney, according to a statement by PGIMER.

Rupture of parasitic cystic tumour like mass can lead to shock and death. Removal of kidney by open surgery used to be traditional treatment, the statement said.

Treating a giant parasitic tumour kidney was earlier reported by Dr Kumar in the Journal of Endourology, an American Endourological Society journal. In this article he described how he performed treatment of various genitourinary hydatid cystic mass by laparoscopy by three small incisions.

Talking about his latest innovation, Dr Kumar said, “In our case the patient was newly married, who had been deserted by her husband because of unfortunate social condition and risk of morbidity of disease and surgery. Single hole surgery with this new technique through natural scar i.e. umbilicus guided by nephroscope, which is very common armamentarium of urologist, was an excellent advantageous condition for her.”

“It is interesting to say that after successful surgery the husband united with her wife happily,” he added.

Source: India Medical Times


Two Fortis cardiologists nominated to Medical Council of India

Two eminent cardiologists from Fortis Healthcare, Dr Ashok Seth chairman Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi, and Dr Vivek Jawali director and chief cardiovascular and thoracic surgeon, Fortis Hospital, Bangalore, have been nominated to the newly constituted Medical Council of India (MCI), the premier statutory body that governs the standards of medical education and recognition of medical qualifications in the country.

A gazette notification of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, published recently, announced the names of the council members. Apart from elected members, the Central and state governments nominate medical professionals of pre-eminence to the MCI. While, Dr Seth was nominated by the Delhi government, Dr Jawali was nominated by the Karnataka government, both for a period of four years.

Source: Times of India

 


Big Changes Ahead in Medical Education

The U.S. should be prepared for massive changes in the next few years in the way physicians are trained, experts said here Thursday.

Change will have to start with inter professional education, George Thibault, MD, president of the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation in New York, said at an event sponsored by Health Affairs to promote its theme issue on medical education. “We know all health professionals are going to work together in formal and informal teams, yet we educate them separately and then are surprised when they don’t work together well.” Instead, professionals should be educated together so they are prepared to work together as teams, he said.

In addition, a new model of clinical education is needed, Thibault continued. “The [current] model is very fragmented and still too hospital-based to take care of a population with chronic illnesses who are largely outside the hospital. The model needs to be more longitudinal and community-based.”

Then there is the content of the curriculum. “Since [the Flexner report], biological sciences have been the basis for medical education,” he noted. “We need to add social sciences, systems management, economics, and medical professionalism.”

Thibault also suggested that medical schools move away from time-based education and toward education based on development of competencies, “so learners move through as they are ready to move through. We cannot continue to have a locked-up approach determined by everybody doing the same thing or determined by just time and place. This can lead to a more efficient system … and to professionals who are specifically prepared for the careers they’re going to take on.”

Several speakers lamented the lack of medical students willing to go into primary care. “Part of that is the culture of medical school — what’s conveyed to students plays a major role,” said Uwe Reinhardt of Princeton University in New Jersey.

“You come home and you say, ‘I’m a pediatrician,’ or you say you’re like Sanjay Gupta — a neurosurgeon. What gets you the date?” he said.

Although people often point to medical education debt as a barrier to pursuing the lesser-paid primary care specialties rather than the more well-paid specialties, Reinhardt disagreed that it’s a major problem. “Look at medical school indebtedness — on average it’s about $220,000,” he said. “I always tell physicians who bellyache, ‘you know that guy who just opened a restaurant — what do you think they pay on a mortgage?’ It’s probably close to your [loan], and somehow they make do.”

“Debt is a nuisance, but not prohibitive,” he added, noting that the Association of American Medical Colleges is trumpeting record medical school enrollment despite students’ debt problems.

For the primary care situation to change, “we need accountability,” said David Goodman, MD, of the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice in New Hampshire and a co-principal investigator of the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. “The best way is with public guidance leading to peer review that leads to public funding,” with priorities that are set annually. “That might [include] increase in primary care [residency] funding — putting a thumb on the scale allows being a priority.”

Goodman proposed a scheme in which each year, 10% of physician training programs would need to reapply for their funding. Programs that are reapplying would be competing with other established programs as well as new residency programs. Applications would be peer-reviewed, and successful applicants would get an interim review to make sure they were on track.

Under such a system — which would mean that each program would be reviewed once per decade — meritorious training programs would be able to expand, while weaker programs would lose 10% to 15% of their funding. And because the awards would be made every year, it would give the system “the ability to change priorities with each succeeding year, over time,” he said. “Sure, we’ll make mistakes, but they’ll be smaller mistakes.”

Audience members also heard from Reps. Aaron Schock (R-Ill.) and Allyson Schwartz (D-Pa.)who are co-sponsoring the “Training Tomorrow’s Doctors Today Act,” a bill that would increase the number of graduate medical education (GME) slots by 15,000 over a 5-year period. “This is an issue that’s uniting [Republicans and Democrats] on Capitol Hill,” Shock said.

Both Schock and Schwartz also expressed support for legislation that would repeal and then replace Medicare’s much-maligned sustainable growth rate (SGR) formula for physician reimbursement. Schock noted that one reason the House Energy and Commerce Committee was able to get unanimous support among its committee members for its SGR repeal proposal, which would cost an estimated $179 billion, was that “they didn’t say how they’re going to pay for it.”

Rep. Dave Camp (R-Mich.), chair of the House Ways and Means Committee — which is charged with coming up with ways to pay for legislation such as an SGR fix — has been briefing committee members on possible “pay-fors,” said Schock, who is a member of the committee. “So stay tuned” to see what happens, he added.

Schwartz said she hopes that GME reform may eventually be included in an SGR fix bill should one be passed. “When we do something about the SGR, there might be a moment when we could slip this [GME] legislation into our discussion,” she said.

Source: Med Page today

 


Nigeria: 700,000 adults living with HIV/AIDS in Benue

At least 700,000 adults out of the 4.3 million population of people in Benue State are still living with HIV/AIDS, Weekly Trust learnt yesterday.

Of the number which excluded children, only 50,000 persons living positively with the virus are registered with the Benue Network of People Living With HIV/AIDS.

Benue State Coordinator for PLWHA, Stephen Yongo revealed this at a one-day HIV/AIDS Review Meeting of Media Forum organized by the Ministry of Information and Orientation in conjunction with Benue State Action Committee on AIDS (BENSACA).

Yongo in a paper presentation entitled  “Stigma, Discrimination and Their Implications on HIV/AIDS  Programming”, explained that the 2010 sentinel report puts Benue at 12.7 per cent on HIV/AIDS prevalence rate.

He said his association has sent an Anti-Stigmatization Bill to the State Assembly to seek punitive measures against willful infection of innocent people by those already living with the virus.

Earlier,   Executive Secretary of BENSACA, Mrs. Grace Ashi Wende solicited strong partnership with the media in the campaigns against HIV/AIDS as they plan this year’s World AIDs Day with the theme “Take Charge of Your Life,  know your HIV Status”.

Source: Weekly Trust


Yoga: why men don’t get it

Despite its benefits , the poses and the chanting can be too much of a stretch for some males, writes Eric Niller.

At a recent visit to a yoga studio, I watched as practitioners breathed, bent, twisted and stretched their way to a happier state. They left more relaxed, more energised, with better posture and a renewed outlook. But there was one curious thing: of the 24 people in the room, only four were men.

Yoga devotees say that this disparity is not unusual, no matter the time of day. Typically, they say, the ratio of women to men rarely goes much below 80-20. In fact, a 2012 survey by Yoga Journal found that of the 20.4 million people who practise yoga in the United States, only 18 per cent of them were men.

Why don’t men do yoga?
My husband said he felt bored,” says one woman whose partner was visiting the Washington studio on a day off. “He didn’t let himself enjoy it.”

She is like many women who do yoga and want their spouse or partner to give it a try. But the many myths about yoga stand in their way: Yoga isn’t a decent workout; it’s too touchy-feely; you have to be flexible to do it; men’s bodies just aren’t built for pretzel-like poses.

Adrian Hummell has heard all the excuses.

“What happens is, a guy who doesn’t know about it associates it with things like pilates or aerobics,” says Hummell, who has been doing yoga for the past three years and now teaches Bikram yoga, a particularly strenuous form of the practice, in Maryland. They think of it as a “women’s workout”, he says.

“It’s almost a joke when guys say, ‘I don’t think I should do yoga because I’m not flexible,’ ” he says. “It’s like saying, ‘I’m too weak, so I can’t lift weights.’ ”

Hummell and many other yoga practitioners extol its many benefits beyond a pleasant post-class buzz. Several studies have linked a regimen of yoga classes to a reduction in lower back pain and improved back function. Other studies suggest that practicing yoga lowers heart rate and blood pressure; helps relieve anxiety, depression and insomnia, and improves overall physical fitness, strength and flexibility, according to the US National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, a branch of the National Institutes of Health. Still, despite many studies, no firm evidence has been found to show that yoga improves asthma or arthritis.

The centre is funding research to determine whether yoga can benefit in the treatment of diabetes, AIDS, post-traumatic stress disorder and multiple sclerosis.

Loren Fishman, a Manhattan physician who sees patients suffering from a variety of ills, says his prescription is often yoga.

Fishman has written several books on using yoga as a supplement for rather than as a substitute for medicine. He has studied yoga since the early 1970s and noted that the practice was developed centuries ago by men in India. But its modern form has become feminised.

“There’s been a flip,” Fishman says. “When it came to the US, yoga became a sort of gentle gym, a non-competitive, non-confrontational thing that’s good for you. Yoga has this distinctive passive air to it. You get into the pose and stay there.”

Among those who reject the idea that yoga is just for women is Danny Poole, a Denver teacher and trainer who uses yoga to help athletes. In 2009, his students included about a dozen members of the Denver Broncos.

Poole came to the practice reluctantly himself. A basketball player at Grand Valley State University in Michigan four decades ago, he was dragged into a yoga class by his girlfriend.

“All I knew is that there were hippies doing it, and I was intimidated because I didn’t know what it was,” Poole said. “Then I got hooked on it because I never felt so good.” Poole kept up with yoga and said it helped him avoid sports injuries as he grew older. About 15 years ago, he went full-time as a teacher.

Poole decided to drop some of the elements of a traditional yoga class that could turn off men: no chanting, no Sanskrit terms for poses, no music, no headstands or handstands that are difficult and prone to causing injury. “I keep it easy and gentle, and I avoid trying to make the client not look good,” he said.

Poole says professional athletes like yoga because it keeps them loose and focused before a game and helps ease post-game soreness. During his year with the Broncos, he says, he kept his yoga group injury-free. But he understands why many men, especially former athletes and men who have spent years pumping iron, have trouble with the physical and mental aspects of yoga.

“Athletes with big muscles take a regular yoga class and it kicks their butt,” Poole says. “They tend not to come back.” But Poole said that those who stuck with the yoga program remained injury-free during the football season, which turned the doubters into converts.

When men say they are bored with yoga, Poole thinks there may be something else going on.

“Our egos are deflated because we can’t do some of the poses,” he said.

Source: The Age